[김화진칼럼]신용카드 전쟁

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1958 ũƸ޸ī(BofA) ĶϾ 뿡 'ũƸ޸ī'(BankAmericard) Īߴ. ׶ ſī ̵ ũ . ſī带  Һڵ Ȱ ε ϴ ſī ݱ ʾҴ. ް Ȳ̾. ̳ʽ Ƹ޸ĭͽ( Ƹ߽) 谡 ƴϾ ̾ Ȯ强 ũ ʾҴ. Һγ ʾҴ. 츮 ſī ƴϾ.

BofA 븦 . ÿ׹ٴٻ dzó ̴ ýڿ ν(LA) ߰뿡 ִµ ֹ 45% ŷ ϴ Ÿ̾. ø ص ýڿ ְ ̾ Ʈ з ư ҹ ̱⵵ ߴ. 6 ֹο ī带 ߱ ־ ε鿡Դ ī ߴ. ׸ BofA ̱ ࿡ ſī ̼ ־. 1961⿡ ȯߴµ 1976⿡ (VISA) 귣 ſī ϰ Ǿ.

ó . ī к Һ Ѵٴ ̾. 索 ȯڿ ִ ̶ . ī带 ߴ. , ڿߵ, ູ, 浿 ο ī带 ´. ȥ ߻߰ ᱹ 1970⿡ ׷ ī ۺδ Ǿ. ׷ 1 ī尡 ̹ ߱޵ Ŀ. ķδ ī û ߼ ְ Ǿ.

VISA 'Visa International Service Association' ڴ. BofA ࿡ BofA ſī ī ϵ 1970⿡ Ἲߴ. VISA 귣 ü 1976⿡ . 2008⿡ ǰŷҿ ߴ. Visa ƾ 'carta visa' Դٰ Ѵ. ' ' Ǵ 'Ȯε '. ܱ Ա ʿ ٷ ڴ. ſī ̸ ׷ ǹ ƴ϶ VISA   󿡼 ϱ Ư Ű ʾƼ Ѵ.

ó BofA ī Ͻ ߴٴ ߴ. ڰ Ǿ. ׷ 1966 ī尡 ʹ ߵǾ ̻ Ǿ ׷ ˰ Ǿ. ٷ ڰ ߴ. ߿ ī(MasterCard) Ҹ Ǵ ſī. Ƽ ռߴ. ǹ ī 25000 ߴ. ī(Mastercard Worldwide) 1966⿡ · ߴ. 2006⿡ ǰŷ ֽȸ簡 ƴ.

1991⿡ Ϻ Ƹ߽ī带 ϱ ߴ. VISA ī źٴ ̾. ī . VISA ī尡 1.2% ΰϴµ Ƹ߽ 4% ϰڴٴ ̾. '' 翬ߴ. ׷ ' (fee)Ƽ '̶ Ҹ. ̱ 250 ߴ. VISA 绡 Ʈ ߻ϴ ڴٰ ߴ. Ŀ 375% ߴ. Ƹ߽ ٷ ⸦ Ḧ ȴ.

Ƹ߽ å Ʈ Ÿ ϱ ߴ. Ƹ߽ ߸̾. Ƹ߽ Դ Ḧ ߾ ִ µ VISA ī带 . ̹ Ƽ ϸոĿ ȭ 2011 ̾. Ƹ߽ ޴´ٴ ȭ ̰ Ѵٰ ̴.

Ƹ߽ ư ýƮƮ 200 簡 ִ. Ʈ̵弾 ٷ Ʒ Ƕ̵ ִ 51 ̴. VISA ī忡 ̾ ۷ι 4 ſī ȸε 1850⿡ ȷο ȭ ȸ ߴ. 1958⿡ ſī带 Īߴ. 2022 ۷ι 4.61% VISA 38.73%, ī 24% ̴. 2013⿡ ̱⵵ ߴ. JFK ׿ ߸ Ѵ. ߸ ְ Ƹ߽ ī ̸̴. 漼, , ε Ʈ λ ̴. ӽ 嵵 ' ַ'(2008) ī带 .

迡 ū ſī ߱ Ͽ̴. ߱ 99%. 2002⿡ ߱ι ֵ ī忬 ߴµ '' Ҹ ī ̸ 'UnionPay' Ǿ. ״ ۷ι 2 VISA. ݾ VISA(24000 ޷), ī(11000 ޷), Ƹ߽(9000 ޷) Ŀ(2000 ޷) ̴. ȸ簡 ߱ ۷ι 87% ĿѴ.